Život Antonína Dvořáka
Povědomí o něm má snad každý Čech, ale ne zdaleka každý zná přesnou historii a chronografii jeho života. Pojďme si ji tedy osvěžit. Možná se dozvíte i něco nového, o čem jste do teď nevěděli.
Antonín se narodil roku 1841 v Nelahozevsi, obci jen dvacet kilometrů na sever od Prahy do rodiny hostinských a řezníků. Kromě řeznického řemesla se ve Dvořákově rodu geneticky předávala i jiná vloha: nadání k hudbě. „Muziku“ však považovali jen za příjemné zpestření každodenní všednosti a způsob přivýdělku.V hudbě všechny daleko převyšoval, a tak ho otec svěřil nelahozeveskému učiteli a hudebníkovi Josefu Spitzovi, aby synovy vlohy dále rozvíjel. Mladý Dvořák brzy zvládl hru na housle a obveseloval společnost při vesnických tancovačkách.Zanedlouho po ukončení povinné školní docházky vyslal otec mladého Antonína do nedalekých Zlonic, kde měli příbuzné. Dvořák se tak se roku 1853 ve svých dvanácti letech dostal pod dohled zlonického kantora a multiinstrumentalisty Antonína Liehmanna.
Protože se Dvořák mnohem víc než čemukoli jinému věnoval hudbě, stále zaostával ve znalosti němčiny, která byla pro něj jako budoucího živnostníka nepostradatelná. Otec ho proto vyslal na rok do České Kamenice (tehdy Böhmisch Kamnitz s převážně německy hovořícím obyvatelstvem) na „handl“, aby se v jazyce zdokonalil. Zde si Dvořák nejen vylepšil své znalosti jazyka, ale také se věnoval hudbě. Seznámil se totiž s místním regenschorim, Franzem Hankem, který ho nechával hrát při mších na varhany v místním kostele.
Do života vstupoval mladý Dvořák velmi nuzně. Dlouhá léta – až do doby, kdy se oženil – žil u příbuzných a v pronájmech na různých pražských adresách. Nejprve u sestřenice v Dominikánské ulici, později u otcovy nejmladší sestry na Karlově náměstí, asi jeden rok ve Václavské ulici a mezitím bydlel jeden nebo dva roky v podnájmu na Senovážném náměstí. Když opouštěl varhanickou školu, bylo mu necelých osmnáct let a od rodičů již nemohl očekávat finanční podporu, tím spíše, že otcova živnost stále více upadala. Přihlásil se tedy do konkurzu na místo varhaníka v kostele sv. Jindřicha. Z šesti uchazečů sice vyšel jako nejlepší, ale přesto nebyl přijat s odůvodněním na nedostatek praxe.Angažmá v orchestru Prozatímního divadla představovalo pro Dvořáka mimořádnou inspiraci světovou operní literaturou i zatím ojedinělou tvorbou domácí, což mělo zřejmě zásadní vliv na jeho rozhodnutí pokusit se po hudbě komorní a symfonické také o dílo operní. Jako naprosto neznámý a nemajetný skladatel nemohl si dovolit objednat nové libreto, a tak použil starší text, Alfréd Veliký, z pera německého novoromantického básníka Karla Theodora Körnera. Dvořákova operní prvotina Alfred se za autorova života nikdy nehrála. Vzápětí se pustil do druhé opery, Král a uhlíř, kterou po dokončení nabídl Prozatímnímu divadlu k nastudování. Po několika zkouškách mu však byla partitura vrácena jako nehratelná, na což Dvořák reagoval tím, že na stejný text napsal operu zcela novou.
Situace se obrátila počátkem roku 1875. Dvořák se rozhodl zažádat o státní stipendium, které bylo každoročně udělováno mladým nemajetným umělcům, u nichž se prokáže výrazný talent. K potvrzení o nemajetnosti, které si Dvořák vyžádal na pražském magistrátu, připojil žádost o stipendium, partitury posledních dvou symfonií a dalších skladeb a vše odeslal Ministerstvu kultu a vyučování do Vídně, kde se o přidělování stipendií rozhodovalo. Byla mu přiznána nejvyšší možná podpora 400 zlatých, což pro mladou rodinu představovalo veliké jmění. Dvořák uspěl i v dalších letech, celkem pětkrát za sebou. V porotě, která o udílení stipendií rozhodovala, také zasedal – počínaje Dvořákovou druhou žádostí – již tehdy slavný Johannes Brahms.Počátkem 80. let Dvořákova hudba pronikla až do tradiční země hostitelů všech hudebních géniů a jednoho z nejvýznačnějších hudebních center, do Anglie. Od Händlových dob se zde udržovala silná tradice v provádění oratorních a kantátových děl a ve chvíli, kdy kultivované londýnské publikum poznalo Stabat mater, bylo rozhodnuto. Dvořák byl pozván do Londýna, což pro jeho celou další kariéru představovalo klíčový moment. Zájem o jeho hudbu neustále rostl, tamější hudební instituce a festivaly si začaly konkrétní skladby přímo objednávat, a tak byla většina skladatelových cest za kanál La Manche spojena s uvedením nového díla v premiéře. Týká se to především Sedmé symfonie napsané pro Londýn, oratoria Svatá Ludmila pro festival v Leedsu, kantáty Svatební košile a Requiem pro festival v Birminghamu.
Roku 1891 se poprvé objevila nabídka, která měla pro Dvořákův život i tvorbu zásadní důsledky: pozvání do Spojených států amerických. Podnikavá prezidentka Národní hudební konzervatoře v New Yorku, Jeanette Thurberová, se rozhodla zvýšit prestiž školy tím, že nabídne post ředitele přední osobnosti evropské hudby. školního roku 1892/93 odplul Dvořák za oceán, kde s jednou přestávkou strávil dva a půl roku. Své pocity a dojmy brzy vtělil do proslulého díla: v lednu 1893 začal skicovat Symfonii č. 9 e moll s podtitulem „Z Nového světa“. V létě odjel Dvořák s rodinou na prázdniny do vesnice Spillville ve státě Iowa, kde dodnes žijí potomci českých emigrantů.Ledvinovou koliku zkomplikovaly nachlazení a chřipka, a tak ošetřující lékař předepsal Dvořákovi klid na lůžku. Pacientův stav se přechodně zlepšil ráno 1. května a skladatel projevil přání usednout s rodinou k nedělnímu obědu. Po polévce se mu však udělalo nevolno a brzy nato ztratil vědomí. Narychlo přivolaný lékař už mohl jen konstatovat smrt, jejíž příčinou byla oficiálně stanovena mozková mrtvice. Podle poznatků moderní medicíny však byla smrt pravděpodobně způsobena plicní embolií, která pacienta postihla po dlouhodobém klidu na lůžku.
Amálie Bobáková
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While there are totally different grip variations of flat bench press (such as extensive
grip and close grip), the standard grip should be slightly wider than shoulder width.
This means, whenever you decrease the bar down, your arms shall be immediately aligned with
your elbows, which is ready to permit you to have the best drive manufacturing.
The flat versus incline versus decline bench press topic is
a fun one to navigate, especially when it comes to programming goals.
All three of those bench press variations can be
useful for different causes. The decline bench press will
entail urgent from a decline bench angle. The degree of decline can differ just like
the incline bench press, however, to a lesser degree and
you’ll typically only decline bench press from a 15 to 30-degree angle tops.
Nonetheless, we’ve a couple completely different variations for you, ranging from the normal to the incline dumbbell press to the decline version. The standard grip
is about 1.5x shoulder width and your elbows might be tucked at round 45-70˚.
As A End Result Of of your body positioning, the bar will come down greater up on the chest with an incline bench press.
So, quite than about nipple stage, will most
likely be close to your upper chest. You ought to nonetheless bring the bar down to the touch your chest
when you have the shoulder mobility to take action (if not, work on that).
Every barbell bench press variation has a particular place in my
heart. I really feel like I keep in mind a precise moment in time once I was equally obsessive about the
incline, flat, and decline bench press for whatever reasons.
If this is you, switching some of your flat bench press volume for incline presses
might keep your shoulder joints somewhat happier.
Nonetheless, some key differences between the flat and incline bench press will assist you to
determine which one is healthier for your objectives. For power, stick with decrease reps and better weights on the bench press.
Contrastingly, dumbbell presses with moderate weights and higher reps shape
and tone muscle tissue. Embrace unilateral presses to handle imbalances and enhance core engagement.
Rotating them can emphasize different elements of the pectoral muscular tissues.
Ensure elbows type a 45-degree angle with the physique to maximize features and safeguard joints.
„Executing these lifts with precision significantly influenced my muscular improvement,“ shares John Doe, bodybuilding champion.
The flat dumbbell press is an exceptional exercise for creating your chest,
shoulders, and triceps, offering a balanced and symmetrical
upper physique. To achieve a deeper understanding of chest muscle anatomy and biomechanics, check out this
complete information on ExRx.net. Additionally, the train engages
stabilizing muscular tissues, such as the serratus anterior, to maintain up control and balance
throughout the movement. This comprehensive muscle activation makes the flat dumbbell press an integral part of any upper-body workout.
When it involves constructing higher body measurement and energy, the bench
press is considered one of the best workouts you can do.
In that case, begin with machine weights or a barbell incline
press to grow accustomed to the movement, then transfer
on to the incline dumbbell press when you’re ready. When performing
the incline dumbbell press, an important thing is to decide out
an applicable weight on your power level, which is probably less than you suppose.
You ought to have the ability to full between eight and 12 repetitions with the weight you choose for a typical
workout routine.
Remember, your progress is earned rep by rep, so press on with confidence and determination. Each are appropriate for beginners, however dumbbell presses could provide
a higher range of motion and help in balancing power between arms.
The incline dumbbell press could be modified in various ways or
made tougher to swimsuit particular person needs and fitness goals.
The elbow tuck is an important form cue that can help to blow
up your bench press, whether or not you’re lifting dumbbells or a barbell.
Utilizing momentum by bouncing the barbell off your chest reduces effectiveness and will increase harm threat.
Flaring your elbows out to 90 degrees can enhance the chance of shoulder injuries.
Flyes isolate the chest muscle tissue, making them a superb addition to your
workout for definition and muscle shaping. This variation shifts the emphasis to
the triceps whereas nonetheless partaking the chest and shoulders.
Using dumbbells allows for a greater range of motion and helps appropriate muscle imbalances.
As I get heavier I plan on switching to dumbells however I’m wondering
if it will put me at any sort of drawback. This train not solely allows
you to work one arm at a time, but it’ll additionally enhance coordination and
core strength. It’s a great exercise for muscular endurance
and works properly when used as part of a fat-burning
circuit exercise. 2– Bend your arms and decrease the weights till the again of your arms frivolously touch the ground.
To start, an athlete ought to select a weight that they’ll management for 3 units of eight repetitions.
Athletes can regulate the amount of weight up and down primarily based on the variety of units
and repetitions. One of the dumbbell bench press
challenges is lifting the dumbbells to the suitable location. Not Like the barbell bench press, you can’t
rack the weight between sets. A compound carry workouts multiple
muscle groups concurrently. The dumbbell bench press is doubtless considered one of the
best chest workout routines for building mirror muscles, the
ones you take a look at in your reflection.
Talking of partial reps…partial reps could
be accomplished with a bench too, to work on specific segments of the bench press.
With that, considerably heavier loads can be utilized, since it’s the underside range of
motion that’s the more durable in relation to bench press.
Whereas the standard bench press lowers the bar right down to
nipple degree, you can mess around with totally different decreasing
targets. One variation is to decrease the bar right down to the neck on a flat bench.
These stabilizer muscles assist to decelerate the bar and limit inefficient motion mechanics.
The flat dumbbell press is a robust and versatile train that ought to
be a staple in any chest exercise routine. It not only enhances chest energy and
muscle symmetry but also engages supporting muscles for a well-rounded upper-body workout.
By mastering proper kind, avoiding widespread errors, and incorporating superior variations, you’ll have the ability to frequently problem yourself and achieve spectacular outcomes.
The dumbbell bench press or flat dumbbell press is arguably one
of the most popular fitness center workout routines used for complete chest development.
Fuse dumbbell presses with plyometric exercises, like push-ups, to enhance explosive power.
Incorporate supersets, pairing bench presses with rows for balanced upper body coaching.
Compound sets with shoulder or tricep work can additional advance strength and mass features.
Until your performance is going to be assessed using
the flat bench press, it’s not an absolute necessity to aesthetically
develop the upper body. A good alternative is the incline bench
press, especially since you’ll have the ability to modify the angle to target particular areas of
the chest. If your upper chest is lacking
in development, it’s a good suggestion to focus on getting stronger at the incline bench press quite than solely flat benching.
Moreover, an incline bench press is best in case your objective is to step onto a bodybuilding stage or
you’re extra concerned about aesthetics somewhat than power or performance.
Not Like the extra traditional flat bench press, the incline press shifts the movement’s focus to the upper portion of the pectoral
muscle teams and the entrance of the shoulder. This allows for more important hypertrophy (muscle
growth) of the upper chest when the train is performed often. Sure, you’ll have the ability to incorporate each the incline dumbbell
press and the flat bench press into the same workout routine to target completely different
areas of the chest.
Nevertheless, if you need to acquire sheer power, compete in a powerlifting meet, or have
more energy & explosiveness on the field, a flat
bench press is the way to go. Whether you’re an athlete or not, it’s
a good idea to incorporate each bench press
variations into your routine. They may goal
the same muscle teams, however they every supply unique advantages.
They additionally may be an effective strengthening exercise for sports like sprinting, hockey,
and football. Correct dumbbell bench press form begins with the proper setup, together
with a bench and dumbbells. With arms prolonged
so that the weights are over the chest, have interaction the core and squeeze the scapulas together for stability.
Slowly lower the weights in a smooth, controlled motion till the elbows attain 45-degree angles.
This hybridization ensures optimum efficiency and mitigates damage
risk, making a well-rounded athlete. If you end
up straining towards the top of a set, ask a friend to identify
you as you lift. This will allow you to finish your set without
altering the movement. If you discover yourself over-arching your back from the get-go, choose a lighter set of dumbbells.
When you’re fatigued toward the top of a set or when you’re making an attempt to lift
more weight than you should, you might end up
straining and over-arching your back to try to force
the dumbbells upward. When you speed by way of a movement like this, you end up shedding the target focus
for the exercise, allowing different muscle teams and momentum that can assist you complete the transfer.
This might not appear to be a big deal, but it finally ends
up lowering the effectiveness of your workout, making it harder to see the enhancements you need to
see.
As we talked about, dumbbells are stated to
supply higher activation of the pecs, but not as nice of a load can be utilized.
So, they are very effective and most lifters use dumbbells as a lot if not more than barbells.
Normally they will use barbell for one primary carry (i.e.
flat bench or incline bench) after which dumbbells for the opposite pressing variations or chest workouts.
The classic model, this exercise allows for heavy lifting and is ideal for constructing most strength and
mass. Or perhaps you might have been going to gym and prepared to up your recreation to
the barbell bench press and don’t want to make any mistakes
then you’re undoubtedly in the proper location in your answer.
Heather Jacques is a former collegiate athlete that graduated from Grand Valley State University with a Bachelor of Science in Athletic Training.
Along with writing content for Lift Vault, Heather works for one of
the fastest rising sports activities nutrition companies, Axe & Sledge Dietary Supplements,
as their product specialist. Heather is an avid lifter, snowboarder, and out of doors fanatic.
Sure, the dumbbell bench press is a great alternative to the barbell bench press
and provides added advantages of stability and elevated vary of
movement. The triceps brachii, located behind the upper arm,
act as synergists in the course of the flat chest press.
They help the chest muscular tissues in extending the elbows and completing the urgent
movement.
Moreover, lifting an extreme amount of weight will stop athletes from maximizing their gains.
Many athletes who incorporate the dumbbell bench press into their workout routine are
influenced by what they see on social media and
in the movies. As A Substitute of using an appropriate amount
of weight, they try to raise as a lot as potential.
The following 5 steps will allow you to grasp the
dumbbell bench press.
You will want to focus much more on stabilizing the barbell
as you lower it and press it. This is great for activating your major movers in a unique way, however extra so
it will increase the demand on your whole stabilizing muscular tissues.
This is a good way to develop total power that can translate to stronger more stable commonplace presses.
Your arms should be at about 45˚ out of your torso when doing a
regular flat bench press.
Focus on sustaining correct alignment and warming up adequately
before the train. Don’t miss our Chest Exercise Library, where you’ll discover
detailed guides, efficient workout plans, and skilled tricks to push
your gains to the next level. Structure your training based on your fitness stage, guaranteeing sufficient rest between units and workout routines.
From the smallest every day actions like choosing something off the bottom to taking part in sports and even swimming, having sturdy chest muscles are important.
Permit adequate time for recovery between workouts to stop overtraining and
promote muscle restore. Increase the burden or the number of
reps steadily to problem your muscular tissues and stimulate progress.
There are many situations whenever you want to know how it transfers from one exercise to
a different.
They get shoulder ache from flat benching however seem to tolerate incline benching properly.
Probably due to a more environment friendly urgent angle in which extra of your chest muscle fibers might help.
Another issue could be the marginally shorter
range of motion of the flat bench press. The dumbbell press provides a better vary of movement than the barbell bench press.
This makes it nice for both newbies and skilled lifters.
Muscle development is the target of bodybuilders, however everybody can profit from muscle mass,
which declines with age.
In the shoulder joint, there’s horizontal flexion (adduction)
by which the higher arms transfer perpendicular to the trunk to a position in front of and above the chest.
In the shoulder girdle, there’s abduction of the scapulae by which the muscles
pull the scapulae away from the backbone towards
the edges of the ribs. In the elbow joint, there is extension during
which the forearms move away from the upper arms till the arms are
fully extended. The anterior deltoids, positioned on the entrance of the shoulder, are heavily involved within the flat chest press.
They assist in stabilizing the shoulders and contribute to the urgent movement.
Weight-bearing workouts just like the flat chest press stimulate bone development and
increase bone density. This can be particularly helpful for individuals at threat of osteoporosis and different bone-related situations.
References:
bodybuilding medicines [elclasificadomx.com]
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